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Authors
McCallum, Marianne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-2485
S Mair, Frances https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9780-1135
Macdonald, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-6943
Hannah, Mary Kathleen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-0140
Skivington, Kathryn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3571-1561
Lewsey, Jim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3811-8165
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chief Scientist Office (CAF/19/5, SPHSU17, SPHSU18)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2, MC_UU0022/3)
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Article History
Received: 29 January 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
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: Participants gave informed consent to participate at every wave. Ethical approval was obtained for every wave: wave 1 (1986) — Ethical Sub-committee, West of Scotland Medical Committee, Dept. of General Practice; wave 2 (1991) — Greater Glasgow Health Board Area Medical Committee GP Subcommittee; wave 3 region (1995) — University of Glasgow Interim Ethics Committee; wave 3 localities (1997) and wave 4 (2000) — University of Glasgow Ethics Committee for Nonclinical Research Involving Human Subjects; and wave 5 (2007) — Tayside Committee on Medical Research Ethics A — reference number 07/S1401/92.
: For the purpose of open access, the author(s) has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any author-accepted manuscript version arising from this submission.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
