Burugupalli, Satvika https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8866-1756
Mansell, Toby https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-6331
Wang, Tingting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-7939
George, Alexandra D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-6647
Paul, Sudip https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1448-2269
Saffery, Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9510-4181
Tang, Mimi L. K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3839-5293
McDade, Thomas W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-648X
Beyene, Habtamu B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7075-6629
Duong, Thy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-078X
Vuillermin, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-0346
Ponsonby, Anne-Louise https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-3657
,
Collier, Fiona
Gray, Lawrence
O’Hely, Martin
Ranganathan, Sarath
Sly, Peter
Burgner, David P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-4302
Meikle, Peter J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2593-4665
Funding for this research was provided by:
L.E.W. Carty Charitable Fund
Auckland DHB Charitable Trust
National Health and Medical Research Council
Article History
Received: 28 April 2025
Accepted: 13 August 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
:
: Study ethics was approved by the Barwon Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC approval number: 10/24). Mothers provided written informed consent at recruitment.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.