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Authors
Lu, Gaochen
Zhang, Sheng
Wang, Rui
Wu, Xia
Chen, Yaoyao
Wen, Quan
Cui, Bota
Zhang, Faming
Li, Pan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81873548, 82100583)
Nanjing Medical University Fan Daiming Research Funds for Holistic Integrative Medicine (2020-3)
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Article History
Received: 4 December 2024
Accepted: 15 August 2025
First Online: 1 September 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. It was a part of two registered trials (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01790061 and NCT01793831) and approved by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Institutional Ethical Review Board. Written informed consents to participate in this study were provided by patients or their legal guardian.
: Written informed consents for publication were provided by patients or their legal guardian.
: Faming Zhang holds patents on an automatic purification system and transendoscopic enteral tubing and devices related to them. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interests.
