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Authors
Shi, Fanchao
Zhao, Qian
Yang, Yi
Liu, Lu
Zhang, Xiao
Kim, Hyun Je
Wang, Yanzhong
Pu, Jun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Magnolia Talent Plan Pujiang Project (24PJD056)
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23015810500, 22DZ2292400)
"Tianshan Talents" medical and health high-level personnel training program (TSYC202301B066)
"Jie Bang Gua Shuai" Program of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (25-2KYC13066-27)
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0503204)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82421001)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (2023ZZ02021)
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 22 August 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval and informed consent were waived by the Ethics Committee of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, given that the GBD is publicly available and no identifiable information was included in the analyses.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
