Seyedsalehi, Aida https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3949-2386
Bailey, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-8058
Ogonah, Maya G. T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9009-0622
Fanshawe, Thomas R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9928-8934
Fazel, Seena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-5365
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Oxford
Clarendon Fund
St. John’s College, University of Oxford
NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR302551)
Linacre College, University of Oxford
NIHR HealthTech Research Centre for Community Healthcare, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust
National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration Oxford and Thames Valley
Article History
Received: 12 March 2025
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: SF and TRF have previously co-authored model development and validation studies in this field, including the OxMIS model discussed in this review. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.