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Authors
Jiang, Hualin
Li, Rui
Zhang, Tianhua
Wang, Qinghu
Liu, Haini
Hua, Zhongqiu
Zhang, Shaoru
Zheng, Xiao
Zhuang, Guihua
Shen, Mingwang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (71774131)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12171387)
National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2505100)
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Article History
Received: 10 March 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre (No. 2017.518). PTB data were obtained from routine surveillance systems. Although original records contained personal identifiers, all data were anonymized, and only provincial-level aggregates were analyzed. Written informed consent was therefore waived.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
