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Authors
Chen, Yi-Geng
Wei, James Cheng-Chung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-0679
Yen, Fu-Shun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-2415
Sung, Chen-Yu
Huang, Yu-Han https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0995-3455
Yu, Teng-Shun
Tsai, Fuu-Jen
Hwu, Chii-Min https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-9627
Hsu, Chih-Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4563-4341
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW113-TDU-B-212-114009)
China Medical University Hospital (DMR-111-105; DMR-112-087; DMR-113-009; DMR-113-156)
Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V113C-166, V114C-177)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC113-2314-B-075-007)
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Article History
Received: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 2 October 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the China Medical University and Hospital [CMUH112-REC1-117(CR-1)]. All identifiable patient and provider information was encrypted and scrambled before release to ensure individual privacy, and we obtained approval from the Research Ethics Committee for waiver of informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
