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Authors
Hsu, Tien-Wei
Hsu, Chih-Wei
Kao, Yu-Chen
Tsai, Shih-Jen
Bai, Ya-Mei
Su, Tung-Ping
Chen, Tzeng-Ji
Chen, Mu-Hong
Liang, Chih-Sung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-5586
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (112-2314-B-182-070-MY3)
Chang Gung Medical Foundation (BMRPJ30)
Taipei, Taichung, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tri-Service General Hospital, Academia Sinica Joint Research Program (VTA112-V1-6-1)
Veterans General Hospitals and University System of Taiwan Joint Research Program (VGHUST112-G1-8-1)
Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V111C-010)
Yen Tjing Ling Medical Foundation (CI-109-21)
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST110-2314-B-075-026)
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2024
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 7 November 2025
Declarations
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: Taipei Veterans General Hospital’s institutional review board approved the study protocol [2018–07–016 AC] and waived the requirement for informed consent since this investigation used de-identified data and no human subjects’ contact was required.
: We used de-identified data; therefore, consent for publication was waived.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
