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Article History

Received: 22 April 2025

Accepted: 13 October 2025

First Online: 6 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study used only de-identified data and was approved and exempted from review by the Brigham and Women’s Institutional Review Board (Reference ID: 2021P001256).

: Not applicable.

: Competing interests: Q-DT reports consulting fees from Astellas, Bayer, Intuitive Surgical, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and research funding from the American Cancer Society, Pfizer Global Medical Grants (Prostate Cancer Disparities #63354905), and a Health Disparity Research Award from the Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (#PC220551). APC reports research funding from the Bruce A Beal and Robert L Beal surgical fellowship of the BWH Department of Surgery, from the Prostate Cancer Foundation and American Cancer Society (#23YOUN25), and from a Physician Research Award from the Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (#PC220342). He received proctoring fees from EDAP/Focal One. ML received honoraria from Astellas, ibsa, Ipsen and Novartis an research funding from Hollister. SMK reports speaker fees from Janssen, Astellas and research fund from the Max Kade foundation/Austrian Academy of Science. Funding: The authors declare no relevant financial or non-financial conflicts of interest related to this work.