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Authors
Allan, Richard James
Kamal, Mohammad
Ahmad, Sajjad
Ibrahim, Muhammad Musa
Goni, Umar Ba’abba
Ashir, Garba Mohammed
Waziri, Mala
Alenwi, Blaise Nfornuh
Estecha-Querol, Sara
Chilito, Karen Lorena Figueroa
Weetman, David
Ntadom, Godwin
Messenger, Louisa Alexandra
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of the Army, U.S. Army Contracting Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood Contracting Division, Ft Detrick MD (W911QY-22-1-0002)
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Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical review and approval for this study was granted by the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (reference: OHRP-IRB-FWA-00013572 UMTH/REC/24/31) and the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (reference: 24–021). Authorisation to conduct the study was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Human Services State Health Research Ethics Committee (reference: SHREC No.049/2024), the National Malaria Elimination Programme (reference: NMEP/IVM/MI/SI/64) and the Borno State Emergency Management Agency. Written informed consent was obtained from all heads of households which received the intervention and participated in the entomological monitoring.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
