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Authors
Liu, Chia-Jung
Liao, Kuang-Ming
Ho, Chung-Han
Shu, Chin-Chung
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Chi-Mei Medical Center Institutional Review Board (IRB: 10803-E01). The IRB waived the requirement for individual informed consent as the NHIRD did not include personally identifiable information, and all data were analyzed anonymously.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
