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Authors
Zhu, Chen
Li, Jiajia
Ren, Min
Chen, Yunqi
Chen, Yijun
Li, Man
Cai, Qi
Wang, Tianyi
Wang, Zikai
Song, Haitao
Huang, Hefeng
Ren, Yunyun
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of both participating institutions (Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University: No.2020–52, No.2021–167, No.2023–167; Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital: No.2022–120) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the prospective cohorts. The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000034182). Written consent was obtained from all participating women.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
