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Authors
Aminu, Abodunrin Q.
Sinclair, David R.
Davies, Katie
Hall, Alex
Wiedemann, Milan
O’Neill, Terence W.
Clegg, Andrew
Todd, Chris
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203308)
holds NIHR Senior Investigator Awards (NIHR200299 & NIHR205156)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit in Older People and Frailty & NIHR Policy Research Unit in Healthy Ageing (PR-PRU-1217-2150& NIHR206119)
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Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was submitted to the Health Research Authority, Research Ethics Service and approved by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Service [REC reference: 23/WS/0032] and all study authors using OpenSAFELY have the approval of NHS England.
: Not applicable. This study used de-identified electronic health record data, and no individually identifiable data are reported.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
