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Authors
Li, Yong
Yan, Xinyu
Xu, Yifan
Pope, Robert
Spector, Tim D
Falchi, Mario
Steves, Claire J
Bell, Jordana T
Small, Kerrin S
Menni, Cristina
Gibson, Rachel
Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chronic Disease Research Foundation
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Article History
Received: 4 May 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the TwinsUK cohort was obtained from St. Thomas Hospital Research Ethics Committees, and all participants provided informed written consent (REC ref EC04/015).
: There are no details, images, or videos on individuals reported within the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
