Document is current

Article History

Received: 17 February 2025

Accepted: 10 November 2025

First Online: 29 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Completion of this study was approved by the Duke University institutional review board (IRB Pro00081414) following review and approval of study protocols and informed consent forms. As patients included in this study lacked capacity, written informed consent was sought at time of inclusion from the patient’s legally authorized representative. For patients that regained capacity, deferred written consent was obtained.

: Not applicable.

: Dr. Wischmeyer reports receiving investigator-initiated grant funding related to research on nutrition in critical illness from National Institutes of Health, Department of Defense, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Abbott, Baxter, and the Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH. Dr. Wischmeyer has served as a consultant for Abbott, Fresenius, Baxter, Cardinal Health, and Nutricia. He has received unrestricted gift donation for nutrition research from Musclesound and DSM and received honoraria or travel expenses for CME lectures on improving nutrition care from Abbott, Baxter, Fresenius, Danone-Nutricia, DSM, and Nestle. Funding for this study was provided in part by an Investigator Initiated Grant to Dr. Wischmeyer from Abbott Nutrition Inc., who also provided the EN formulations used. Abbott Nutrition Inc. did not participate in any part of the study design, execution, analysis, interpretation of results and had no involvement in preparation of the manuscript.