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Authors
Li, Ho Cheung William
Xia, Wei
Li, Lishan
Chen, Hong
Ho, Laurie Long Kwan
Cheung, Kai Yeung
Xiao, Sarah
Chan, Yiu Cheung
Chung, Oi Kwan Joyce
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Health Care and Promotion Scheme of Food and Health Bureau, The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (02180648)
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (UW19-032) and enrolled hospitals. In pragmatic research in real-world settings, informed consent was also requested. Informed consents were obtained from all participants, including HCPs and smokers. The researchers strictly adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki ( ) throughout the study’s design and implementation. An independent data monitoring committee was not used owing to the low-risk nature of the behavioral smoking cessation intervention.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
