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Authors
Wang, Xuemin
Dossus, Laure
Gunter, Marc J.
Davidson, Emma J.
Ong, Jue-Sheng
Glubb, Dylan M.
O’Mara, Tracy A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Worldwide Cancer Research (22-0253)
Cancer Australia (22-0253)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR300650)
Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203308)
National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1173170)
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: This research project (Project Application Number 25331) was approved by the UK Biobank. UK Biobank data is available to bona fide researchers for health-related research in the public interest and has its own ethics advisory committee ( ). Ethical approval for UK Biobank is provided from the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (21/NW/0157). All participants provided written informed consent for approved research studies. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study followed the reporting requirements of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement (see Additional File 4).
: Not applicable.
: Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer /World Health Organization. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
