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Authors
Ma, Hualong
Peng, Cong
Liu, Xiaoge
Huang, Yuexin
Liu, Jiahui
Liang, Haobin
Deng, Lizhen
Zhang, Ying
Chen, Dalong
Yang, Qiaohong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Excellent Graduate Student Cultivation Program of Jinan University (2025CXY316)
Guangdong Provincial Department of Education (2022KTSCX008)
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Article History
Received: 9 August 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Approval No. JNUKY-2021–001). Given the retrospective nature of the analysis, the IRB determined that obtaining individual informed consent was unnecessary.
: This manuscript contains no individual person’s data, including personal details, images, or videos. All analyses were performed using fully de-identified electronic health record data extracted retrospectively under IRB. The IRB granted a waiver of informed consent and authorization for publication, as the dataset contains no protected health information. Therefore, consent for publication is not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
