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Authors
Su, Wei-Ming
Duan, Qing-Qing
He, Sheng-Yi
Liu, Ru-Yin
Wen, Xiang-Jin
Zhang, Nan
Chen, Ting
Cao, Bei
Chen, Yong-Ping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Fund of China (no. 82371422 and no. 81971188)
the National Key Research and Development Program of China (no. 2022YFC2703101)
the 1·3·5 project for disciplines of excellence Clinical Research Fund, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (no. 2023HXFH032)
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Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: UK Biobank’s ethical approval was granted by the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee in 2011 and is renewed every 5 years. The current approval is valid through the renewal application in 2021 (reference ID: 21/NW/0157). This broad authorization enables researchers to conduct studies without needing additional ethical review, as they fall within the scope of the existing approval. All participants provided informed consent for their anonymized data to be utilized in health-related research serving the public interest.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
