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Authors
Wang, Boyuan
Chen, Tingting
Lee, Ming Hin
Chan, Ka Hung
Chan, Sophia Siu Chee
Wong, Ian Chi Kei
Wan, Eric Yuk Fai
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Health, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Article History
Received: 26 May 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: Ethics approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (HKU/HA HKW IRB; Ref no.: UW 23–352). Individual consent was not required, as all patient records were retrieved anonymously from the computerized administrative system of the Hospital Authority.
: Not applicable. All patient records were retrieved anonymously from the computerized administrative system of the Hospital Authority.
: ICKW received research grants from Amgen, Janssen, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, Bayer and Bristol-Myers Squibb and Takeda, Institute for Health Research in England, European Commission, National Health and Medical Research Council in Australia, The European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, Research Grants Council Hong Kong and Health and Medical Research Fund Hong Kong; consulting fees from IQVIA and World Health Organization; payment for expert testimony for Appeal Court in Hong Kong; serves on advisory committees for Member of Pharmacy and Poisons Board; is a member of the Expert Committee on Clinical Events Assessment Following COVID-19 Immunization; is a member of the Advisory Panel on COVID-19 Vaccines of the Hong Kong Government; is the non-executive director of Jacobson Pharma Corp. Ltd. in Hong Kong; and is the founder and director of Therakind Limited (UK), Advance Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited (HK) and OCUS Innovation Limited (HK, Ireland and UK). EYFW has received research grants from the Health Bureau, the Hong Kong Research Grants Council, Narcotics Division, Security Bureau, Social Welfare Department, Labour and Welfare Bureau of the Government of the Hong Kong SAR and National Natural Science Foundation of China; serves on member of Core Team for Expert Group on Drug Registration of Pharmacy and Poisons Board, and is the director of Advance Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited (HK). These are outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.
