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Authors
de Rioja, Víctor L.
Goovaerts, Odin
Vidal, Marta
Amuasi, John
Awuah, Anthony Afum-Adjei
Mwan-za-k’a, Christian Kahusu
Mbala-Kingebeni, Placide
Kibambe, Ritha Nyembu
Tshitamba, Matthieu
Kazadi, Chirac
Yeshaneh, Wendemagegn Embiale
Hunde, Dereje Bedane
Asres, Mezgebu
Tajebe, Fitsumbrhan
Massinga, Márcia Mutisse
Maphossa, Vânia
Strauss, Ricardo
Ascofare, Oumou Maiga
Monnot, Frederic
Lassout, Nabila Ibnou Zekri
Musa, Ahmed
,
Aguilar, Ruth
Dobaño, Carlota
Fernández-Luis, Sheila
Fuente-Soro, Laura
Izquierdo, Luis
López-Varela, Elisa
Macià, Dídac
Pardo, Alba Madrero
Naniche, Denise
Salvo, Elisabeth
Santano, Rebeca
De Hondt, Annelies
Oostvogels, Selien
Peckeu, Laurène
van Griensven, Johan
van Hul, Anke
Agbogbatey, Melvin
Alani, Hakim
Boham, Ebenezer
Bonney, Joseph
Gmanyami, Jonathan
Hasford, Hazel
Kwaku, Ibrahim Duah
Obirikorang, Christian
Boakye, Alexander Owusu
Bayoka, Naomie
Bazola, Bobo
Matungulu, Elysée
Mubiala, Ange
Mulombo, Elisabeth Muyamuna
Shamamba, Samuel
Tshita, Patrick
Mbunsu-Kizito, Gabriel
Mulangu, Sabue
Ngoyi, Dieudonné Mumba
Nkuba-Ndaye, Antoine
Kabongo, Cedric
Matangila, Junior
Sakobo, Taty
Lekue, Francis
Lubanda, JP
Getachew, Yared
Mesfin, Getnet
Tulu, Begna
Wondmagegn, Tadelo
Adane, Aynishet
Alemu, Hailemaryam
Melese, Endalkachew Belayneh
Nhalungo, Alberto
May, Juergen
Habermann, Theresa
Lamshoeft, Maike
Lobo, Michel Diyi
Louvion, Jean-Francois
Monnerat, Severine
Khalil, Eltahir
Mohammed, Hatim
Younis, Brima
Saeed, Mohamed A.
Mohammed, Khalid S.
Colombe, Soledad
Carolis, Carlo
Santamaria, Pere
Adriaensen, Wim
Moncunill, Gemma
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
Fundació Privada Daniel Bravo Andreu
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (CEX2023-0001290-S)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (RYC 2020-029886-I/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)
Centres de Recerca de Catalunya
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Article History
Received: 5 September 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by: The WHO COVID ERC (CERC.0004), the National Ethics Review Committee of DRC (HHS:1ORG0008558/IRB, FWA:00026293), the National Ethics Review Committee of Ethiopia (02/25/33/64), the IRB Bahir Dar (527/2022) and the IRB Gondar (VP/RTT/05/904/2022) from Ethiopia, the Ghana Health Service Ethical Review Committee (GHS-ERC 015/06/20), the National Mozambican Ethics Review Committee (756/CNBS/20), the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona Ethics Review Committee (HCB/2021/0507), the institutional review board of the Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp (1413/20) and the Ethics Committee of University Hospital of Antwerp (20/26/351). Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
