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Authors
Li, Yucan
Xu, Xinming
Zheng, Yi
He, Xinyi
Wang, Jiacheng
Liu, Zhenqiu
Jiang, Yanfeng
Suo, Chen
Zhang, Tiejun
Gao, Xiang
Chen, Xingdong
Xu, Kelin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC3400700)
Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2023SHZDZX02)
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (23ZR1414000)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82304239)
Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Projects (2022ZD0211600, 2023ZD0510000)
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Article History
Received: 12 March 2025
Accepted: 5 January 2026
First Online: 31 January 2026
Declarations
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: The NHANES study was conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) with approval from the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board. All participants provided written informed consent.The UKB, having received initial approval from the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee as a Research Tissue Bank in 2011, undergoes renewal every five years. All participants have provided their informed consent with signed agreements.The CALERIE follows the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00427193). All participants provided informed consent and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization before study procedures.
: Not applicable. This study used de-identified data from the publicly available database, which contains no personally identifiable information. Therefore, individual patient consent for publication was not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
