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Authors
Chen, Weiyang
Du, Min
Liu, Min
Liu, Jue
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72122001)
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Article History
Received: 21 October 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 15 January 2026
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study used publicly available, aggregated, and de-identified data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, which contains no individual-level human or animal data. Therefore, ethical approval and consent to participate were not required.
: Not applicable. This study does not include any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
