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Authors
Li, Weiqin
Liu, Huikun
Feng, Lingyan
Wang, Leishen
Zhang, Shuang
Li, Wei
Liu, Gongshu
Leng, Junhong
Shen, Yun
Gao, Ru
Zhu, Yeyi
Yang, Xilin
Yu, Zhijie
Hu, Gang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (23JCYBJC00960)
Tianjin Health Research Project, China (TJWJ2025QN096)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK132011)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U54GM104940)
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Article History
Received: 29 October 2025
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 21 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of institutional and/or national research committees and following the principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and later amendments. The study protocol was approved by the Human Subjects Committee of Tianjin Women and Children’s Health Center (the approval numbers are 2009–01, 2013–03-01, and 2017–03-01). All study participants provided written informed consent prior to their enrollment in the study.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
