Moon, Joon Ho
Jung, Han Na
Kim, Bongseong
Kim, Jaehyun
Jung, Young Mi
Kim, Hyeon Ji
Park, Jee Yoon
Oh, Tae Jung
Kwak, Soo Heon
Han, Kyung-Do
Choi, Sung Hee
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea National Institute of Health (2024-ER1104-00 and 2025-ER1103-00)
Korea Health Industry Development Institute (RS-2024-00403679)
National Research Foundation of Korea (2021R1C1C1009875 and RS-2025-00555731)
Phase III (Postdoctoral fellowship) grant of the SNU-SNUH Physician Scientist Training Program (800-2023641)
Korean Diabetes Association
Article History
Received: 6 September 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Approval for the present study protocol was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (X-2406–906-902). The need for informed consent was waived because the NHIS database strictly adhered to the anonymization protocols outlined in the Personal Data Protection Act guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.