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Authors
Lin, Suiwen
Di, Xiaodan
Yao, Minrong
Xu, Yun
Wei, Hao
Shi, Zhonghua
Hao, Runrun
Wu, Ningning
Wang, Dong
Wang, Zilian
Liu, Bin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2024ZD0532100)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371689)
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 21 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the ethical committees of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University ([2020]278–1, [2021]431–1, [2022]451). For the retrospective analysis of anonymized CTG and clinical data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethical committees. For the online survey, informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
