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Authors
Keeble, Alexander R.
Owen, Allison M.
Thomas, Nicholas T.
Gonzalez-Velez, Sara
Brightwell, Camille R.
Barnes, Tyler
Long, Douglas E.
Kern, Philip A.
Conley, Caitlin E.
Stone, Austin V.
Johnson, Darren L.
Wen, Yuan
Noehren, Brian
Fry, Christopher S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR001998)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR072061)
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Article History
Received: 15 December 2025
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (#43046) at the University of Kentucky and performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. Informed written consent was obtained from each patient or guardian before participation in this study. Additionally, all minors in this study assented to participation.
: Not applicable.
: AVS has received fellowship support from Smith & Nephew and Arthrex in addition to consulting fees from Smith and Nephew, Bioventus, Allosource, and Vericel. DLJ has received travel expenses from Linvatec, in addition to consulting fees from Smith + Nephew and from Xiros Inc. YW is the founder of MyoAnalytics, LLC. The authors declare no other competing interests.
