Wang, Yaping
Tao, Liyuan
Lu, Gram
Chen, Hongguang
Jing, Wenzhan
Jin, Chuyao
Liu, Jue
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72122001)
Youth Beijing Scholar Program (087)
Article History
Received: 3 November 2025
Accepted: 31 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Declarations
:
: Each survey was conducted according to the ethical policies and procedures approved by the relevant local research ethics committee, and all participants were recruited after providing written informed consent (Additional file 1: Method). Our research used de-identified and publicly accessible datasets; therefore, ethical approval was not required for the analysis of the anonymized data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.