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Article History

Received: 22 August 2025

Accepted: 1 April 2026

First Online: 8 April 2026

Declarations

:

: We confirm that our study strictly adhered to all ethical standards set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Approval No. 2024R151-E01). Given the retrospective design of this study, it did not interfere with standard medical care or infringe upon patient rights, nor did it pose any additional risk to participants. Patient identities were protected through anonymized coding, and all medical records were securely stored and accessed only by authorized researchers. In accordance with Chinese national regulations on biomedical research ethics, informed consent was waived by the Medical Ethics Committee of Wuhan Children’s Hospital due to the retrospective nature of the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.