Wu, Shuang
Lyu, Siqi
Wang, Yimeng
Liang, Hanyang
Xu, Wei
Wang, Juan
Shao, Xinghui
Zhang, Han
Liu, Hongyu
Huang, Bi
Chen, Yang
Lip, Gregory Y. H.
Article History
Received: 29 July 2025
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The Health and Retirement Study was approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board (IRB protocol: HUM00061128), and all participants provided written informed consent. The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was approved by the London Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (MREC/01/2/91), and all participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: Not available.
: Gregory Y. H. Lip – X: @LiverpoolCCS.
: The authors declare no competing interests.