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Article History

Received: 13 January 2026

Accepted: 21 April 2026

First Online: 24 April 2026

Declarations

:

: TUKIJA dnro 223/06.00.01/2017, EudraCT 2017-002241-30 for Dr. Falk Pharma funded clinical trial. The study was conducted with de-identified data of the participants who had consented to the use of their anonymized data in research.

: Not applicable.

: Valeriia Dotsenko, none to declare. Hana Hien Le, none to declare. Sonja Rajic, none to declare. Robert Moulder, none to declare. Jalmari Kettunen, none to declare. M. Karoliina Hirvonen, none to declare. Alex M Dickens, none to declare. Tuulia Hyötyläinen, none to declare. Bernhard Tewes, employee of Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH. Timo Zimmermann, employee of Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH. Ralf Mohrbacher, employee of Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH. Tomi Suomi, none to declare. Terho Lehtimäki, none to declare. Riitta Lahesmaa, none to declare. Matej Oresic, none to declare. Laura Elo, none to declare. Emma Raitoharju, none to declare. Detlef Schuppan, consultant for Falk Pharma, Chugai, Immunic, Sanofi and Tillots. Markku Mäki, is the founder, owner, and chair of board at Maki HealthTech Ltd (MHT). MHT has received during the last three years Management/Advisory Affiliation fees from Dr. Falk Pharma, Interlude Biopharma, Entero Therapeutics, Calypso Biotech, ImmunogenX, and Immunic; holds patent licensed to Labsystems Diagnostics from where MHT has received royalties via Tampere University Hospital. Keijo Viiri, none to declare.