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Authors
Li, Zi-Wei https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2978-8579
Lu, Li https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0060-1725
Qin, Xiao-Dong https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3974-6711
Li, Rong
Zhou, Zhongliang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3850-4752
Liu, Shou
Liu, Qi
Lai, Sha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-4433
Shen, Qing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7214-4797
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2024F018)
Young Talent Support Plan from Xi’an Jiaotong University (GG6J010)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72504219)
Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82404392)
Investigator-initiated Trial Program of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission (2025-PWDL-12)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 28 May 2026
First Online: 17 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. The study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodological guidance. The study was exempt from institutional review board (IRB) review as this is an umbrella review of published meta-analyses. No patients or human participants were directly involved.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain data from any individual person.
Competing interests: Dr. Qing Shen is a BMC Medicine Editorial Board Member. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
