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Association between caesarean birth and childhood acute respiratory infection in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis of population-based data

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-04995-6

Published Online: 2026-06-17

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Mare, Kusse Urmale

Yisma, Engida

Lassi, Zohra S
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-17

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-06-17
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Article History

Received: 31 December 2025

Accepted: 9 June 2026

First Online: 17 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) is obtained by the implementing agencies in each participating country and by the ICF Institutional Review Board. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants at the time of data collection. This study involved secondary analysis of anonymised, publicly available data and therefore did not require additional ethical approval. Access to and use of the DHS datasets were authorised by The DHS Program following issuance of a permission letter (Reference ID: AuthLetter_220885).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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