Zhao, Qiyu
Yang, Kun
Liu, Mengge
Shi, Ziqing
Zhao, Jiaxuan
Wu, Yue
Wu, Qian
Zhai, Ying
Xu, Jinglei
Zhang, Zhihui
Lei, Minghuan
Gao, Yujun
Zhang, Quan
Zheng, Yang
Liu, Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-4222
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025M782117)
Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation (SDZZ-ZR-202501075)
Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Joint Program (2024-MSLH-565)
Tianjin Major Special Project on Public Health Science and Technology (24ZXGQSY00060)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-008C)
Article History
Received: 10 March 2026
Accepted: 10 June 2026
First Online: 15 June 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Feng Liu is a member of the Editorial Board of BMC Medicine but was not involved in the editorial handling or decision-making process for this manuscript. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.