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Authors
Lin, Junjie
Kivimäki, Mika
Zhang, Yue
Zhou, Yaguan
Xu, Xiaolin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8203-9878
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z)
Medical Research Council (MR/Y014154/1)
Research Council of Finland (350426)
Zhejiang University, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province
China Medical Board (21-416)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72474197)
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2025
Accepted: 6 July 2026
First Online: 10 July 2026
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study used de-identified data from the publicly available database, which contains no personally identifiable information. Therefore, individual patient consent for publication was not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The HRS was approved by the institute for social research and Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan (NIA U01AG009740). The CHARLS was approved by the Ethical Review Committee at Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). The SHARE was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Mannheim.
