Li, Xue
Chen, Ying
Zhu, Juan
Yu, Wei-Yan
Tao, Huan-Qing
Chen, Gang
Li, Hui-Zhang
Du, Ling-Bin
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82404341)
Healthy Zhejiang One Million People Cohort (K-20230085)
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancer
Article History
Received: 22 January 2026
Accepted: 17 July 2026
First Online: 24 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (IIT-2025-1764). Written informed consents were obtained from all participants.
Consent for publication: This manuscript has not been published or presented elsewhere in part or in its entirety, and is not under consideration for publication by any other journal. All the authors have approved the manuscript and agree to its submission to BMC Medicine.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.