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Authors
Toli, Maria Angeliki
Sarafidis, Michail
Filis, Panagiotis
Tzoras, Evangelos
Tsiknakis, Nikolaos
Sifakis, Emmanouil
Liatsou, Efstathia
Rassidakis, Georgios
Bergh, Jonas
Matikas, Alexios
Zerdes, Ioannis
Foukakis, Theodoros
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Karolinska Institute
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Article History
Received: 23 March 2026
Accepted: 21 July 2026
First Online: 31 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2006/394-31/3, 2006/1183-31/2 and amendments 2016/1505-32, 2018/789-32, 2018/790-32, 2021-00113, and 2021-00114) and was performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. No additional written informed consent was needed for each patient included in the study.
Consent for Publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: Jonas Bergh: Research funding to institution (Karolinska Institutet and/or Karolinska University Hospital from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Merck, Pfizer, Roche and Sanofi (no personal honoraria); honoraria as co-author for breast cancer chapters from UpToDate paid to Asklepios Medicin HB; head of advisory board at Stratipath AB; Coronis and Asklepios Cancer Research AB hold shares of Stratipath AB; honoraria for lectures/educational conferences for postgraduate courses from AstraZeneca paid to Coronis and Asklepios Cancer Research AB, chairmanship for meetings arranged by Akademikonferens, on behalf of Roche, and lectures for Novartis and Gilead, respectively; honoraria to Coronis and Asklepios Cancer Research AB, for both activities. Ioannis Zerdes: Institutional research grants from Gilead; honoraria from Novartis (institutional) and BioMed Central Ltd (part of Springer Nature) (personal). Alexios Matikas: Speaker (no personal payment): Seagen, Roche, AstraZeneca; Expert testimony (no financial or non-financial compensation): Veracyte, Roche, AstraZeneca; Research funding (paid to institution): MSD, Novartis, Veracyte, AstraZeneca; Advisory Board (no financial or non-financial compensation): Nordic Pharma. Theodoros Foukakis: Invited Speaker, Payment to Institution: Roche, Astra Zeneca, Gilead Sciences, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, Bristol Myers Squibb; royalties, personal: Wolters Kluwer (authorship of two chapters in UpToDate); clinical trial support to Institution: Astra Zeneca, Coordinating PI (research grant and study drug), Novartis, Coordinating PI (research grant and study drug), Veracyte, Coordinating PI (discount on the ProsignaPAM50 assay in ARIADNE clinical trial). The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.
