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Authors
Lestari, Karina D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6225-3474
Surendra, Henry https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-0623
Djaafara, Bimandra A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-2624
Fadilah, Ihsan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9507-6427
Ekawati, Lenny L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-5565
Susanto, Hermawan
Prameswari, Hellen D
Fajariyani, Sri B
Supriyanto, Dedy
Herdiana, Herdiana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-3682
Conway, Eamon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-4877
Charoen, Pimphen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-0520
Lawpoolsri, Saranath https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4841-7924
Pan-ngum, Wirichada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-5359
Elyazar, Iqbal R F https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3115-5059
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) under the Strengthening Preparedness in the Asia-Pacific Region through Knowledge (SPARK) project
Wellcome Africa Asia Programme Vietnam (106680/Z/14/Z)
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 23 July 2026
First Online: 29 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Permission to access and use the malaria surveillance data was granted by the Malaria Working Group, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (Submission No. TMEC 24 − 001).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: HS is a member of the BMC Medicine Editorial Board. All other authors declare no competing interests.
