Ba, Zhengqing
Yuan, Jing
Zhao, Sheng
Liu, Mengyuan
Chen, Guangzhi
Lian, Xiaodan
Yu, Fei
Su, Yajing
Wang, Zuoxiang
Yang, Lanshu
Wang, Ximei
Wang, Yang
Zhang, Xue
Zhao, Wei
Gao, Xiaojin
Wu, Yongjian
Funding for this research was provided by:
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0504000)
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2024-I2M-C&T-B-040)
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2024-I2M-ZH-004)
Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology Application Fund of Fuwai Hospital and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2024-AI22)
the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2024-GSP-GG-4)
the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2025-GSP-GG-14)
Article History
Received: 13 February 2026
Accepted: 3 August 2026
First Online: 18 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (approval No. 2024–2422), and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.