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Authors
Liu, Jiajun
Wen, Jie
Ji, Naiwen
Zhang, Jingwei
Liu, Hongwei
Liu, Zaoqu
Liu, Zhixiong
Xia, Zhiwei
Luo, Peng
Cheng, Quan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-5349
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Youth Student Basic Research Project of Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.2026JJ90184)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University (NO.2026ZZTS0053)
Science Foundation of the AMHT Group (NO.2025YK06)
Science Foundation of Hunan Aerospace Hospital (NO.2025YJ01)
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.2026JJ30187)
The science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province (NO.2023RC3074)
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Article History
Received: 19 September 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2026
First Online: 15 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study is based on secondary analysis of existing and publicly available statistics from previously published literature and open-access repositories. All primary contributing cohorts and clinical trials had already received appropriate ethical approvals and informed consent from their respective institutional review boards or ethical committees. Additional ethics approval is non-applicable.
Consent for publication: All authors have agreed to the submission and publication of this research.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Co-author Peng Luo is a member of the BMC Medicine Editorial Board.
