Gu, Tianshu
Zhang, Yuxin
Zhu, Lihan
Liu, Junyu
Qi, Zuo
Chen, Yang
Huo, Likun
Xu, Haonan
Hu, Sutao
Zhang, Yukun
Shao, Xian
Wang, Yaogang
Liu, Tong
Chen, Kang-Yin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-6438
Lip, Gregory Y. H.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction (TJYXZDXK-3-006B)
the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030, Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2024ZD0524300, 2024ZD0524301)
Tianjin Municipal Research Project in Priority Areas of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2022011)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470527)
Science and Technology Project of Tianjin Municipal Health Committee (TJWJ2024RC004, TJWJ2022MS009)
Key Science and Technology Support Project of Tianjin Science and Technology Bureau (24ZXGZSY00130)
Key Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission (2024ZD031)
Article History
Received: 14 January 2026
Accepted: 17 August 2026
First Online: 24 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (KY2023052-01), which waived the requirement for informed patient consent. Written informed consent for participation was not required for this retrospective analysis in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.