Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Rammos, Alexandros
Lewis, Sarah J
Davies, Amy
Wren, Yvonne
Humphries, Kerry
Sandy, Jonathan
Sharp, Gemma C
Owen, Michael J
van den Bree, Marianne B M
Stergiakouli, Evie
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Council (MR/W020297/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/T002093/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/L010305/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/V004905/1RE)
Medical Research Council (MR/W020297/1)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 27 March 2026
Accepted: 18 August 2026
First Online: 9 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Cleft Collective received ethical approval from the South West – Central Bristol NHS Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 13/SW/0064). Data for the current project were accessed through application CC048-ES. Parents or legal guardians provided written informed consent for participation in the Cleft Collective, including consent for use of biological samples and questionnaire data in approved research projects. The Millennium Cohort Study received ethical approval from the relevant NHS Research Ethics Committees.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This study reports aggregate-level statistical analyses only and does not contain individual-level data or identifiable information for any participant.
Competing interests: M.J.O. received grants from Akrivia Health, outside the submitted work. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
