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Article History

Received: 26 May 2026

Accepted: 24 August 2026

First Online: 27 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: not applicable.

Consent for publication: not applicable.

AI statement: Microsoft Copilot was used solely for language editing to improve the clarity and readability of the manuscript. The authors reviewed and edited all AI-assisted text and take full responsibility for the content of the manuscript.

Competing interests: I.G. is the recipient of a PhD fellowship, strategic basic research (FWO-SB) from the Flemish Research Council (FWO) 1S82826N. KB received a senior clinical fellowship from FWO Flanders (1800220 N). KB received an unrestricted grant and study devices from Medtronic for the investigator-initiated CRISTAL study. KB received study devices from Dexcom for the investigator-initiated GLORIA study. KB received study medication from Novo Nordisk A/S for the investigator-initiated SERENA study. KB received study devices from Abbott and LifeScan, and a grant from Abbott for the investigator-initiated CORDELIA study. KB received a speaker’s fee from Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, and Medtronic. KB was a Guest Editor for the Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Diabetes collection (special issue on gestational diabetes). All other authors declared no competing interests.