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Authors
Torres, Cesar Camilo Calderon
Huang, Jiashuo
Chang, Jie
Guo, Yang
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Article History
Received: 3 March 2026
Accepted: 7 September 2026
First Online: 11 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was approved by the Peking University Institutional Review Board (IRB) (approval number: IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided their informed consent prior to involvement.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
