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Authors
Azadifar, Saeid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2291-0756
Sameh, Alireza https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7793-6833
Nauha, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-5429
Kärmeniemi, Mikko
Niemelä, Maisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1008-3263
Farrahi, Vahid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-8488
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Article History
Received: 11 February 2026
Accepted: 22 September 2026
First Online: 29 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The original NFBC1986 33–35-year follow-up study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District (108/2017), and written informed consent was obtained from all the participants.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
