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Article History

Received: 6 June 2019

Accepted: 20 November 2019

First Online: 3 December 2019

Ethics approval

: The CSIR Biosciences has DAFF-registered laboratory, growth rooms and pilot plant facilities (Registration number 39.2/CSIR – 17/099 from 13 November 2017 until 13 November 2020) to produce the vaccine antigens in plants. Approval for the immunization of horses in this study was obtained from the council for scientific and industrial research (CSIR) research ethics committee (Reference #199/2016) and the Onderstepoort biological products (OBP) animal ethics committee (Reference #2015/003C). Permission to conduct the study in terms of Section 20 of the Animal Diseases Act 1984 (ACT NO. 35 of 1984) was obtained from the South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF Reference #12/11/1/1). Written informed consent was obtained from the farmer, the owner of the animals, to use his horses in this study. All animals in this research project received humane and compassionate treatment and were housed, handled, utilized and generally treated in terms of existing and relevant national legislation and codes of practice including:

: Not applicable.

: DAR, NBM and MMOK have filed a patent application protecting the production of chimeric <i>Orbivirus</i> virus-like particles in plants (PCT/IB2017/052236).