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Article History

Received: 29 April 2019

Accepted: 5 April 2020

First Online: 25 April 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: This is a retrospective study and no experimental protocol was performed on animals. On this regard, the European directive 2010/63/UE (22 September 2010) on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes clearly reports (art. 1 comma 5), that it does not apply to non-experimental clinical veterinary practices. All procedures described in the manuscript were performed in routine clinical activity by licensed veterinarians following a normal standard protocol approved by the owners of the dogs (written consent) that were spontaneously referred to the “I Portoni Rossi” Veterinary Hospital. Moreover, these procedures followed a normal standard protocol and guidelines accepted in the veterinary clinical practice, as requested by National Federation of Italian Veterinarians (FNOVI Deontological Guidelines, art.15). No particular administrative permissions were required for this retrospective study and Coordinators of the Units of Physiotherapy and Neurology are co-authors of this paper and shared the information, with the blessing of Veterinary Medical Director of the Hospital.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.