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Article History

Received: 27 November 2019

Accepted: 2 December 2020

First Online: 10 December 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Team members were authorised to handle wild bats according to the Czech Certificate of Competency (No. CZ01341; § 17, Act No. 246/1992 Coll.). Experimental procedures were approved by the Ethical Committee of the Czech Academy of Sciences (Document No. 169/2011). In the Czech Republic, capturing of bats for sample collection complied with Czech Law No. 114/1992 on Nature and Landscape Protection and was based on permits issued by the Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection of the Czech Republic (01662/MK/2012S/00775/MK/2012, 866/JS/2012 and 00356/KK/2008/AOPK) and Podyjí National Park (NPP 0312/2018). The II Local Ethical Commission in Wrocław approved sampling at the Natura 2000 site “Nietoperek” in Poland (No. 45/2015). Sampling in Bulgaria, Poland, Russia and Slovenia was approved by the Bulgarian Ministry of Environment and Water (No. 645/13.08.2015 and No. 683/04.07.2016), the Regional Directorate for Environmental Protection in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland (No. WPN-I-6205.10.2015.AI), the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology - Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (No. 16353 − 2115/325) and the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning of the Republic of Slovenia, Slovenian Environment Agency (No. 35601-35/2010-6).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.