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Article History

Received: 6 July 2020

Accepted: 22 December 2020

First Online: 18 January 2021

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The study was approved by Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism, University of Ibadan and Ibadan-North Local Government Authority, Ibadan which granted permission to collect the specimens. Clearance by an ethics committee was not necessary. The specimens were obtained by non-invasive procedures as described in the materials and methods (i.e., rectal swabbing of cattle at abattoir and collection of bird faecal droppings from the environment without animal contact). No animal experiments were carried out for this study. Verbal informed consent of personnels, cattle owners and butchers (at the abattoir) was obtained to collect the faecal samples.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.