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Article History

Received: 13 August 2019

Accepted: 3 January 2020

First Online: 17 March 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: This prospective study was ethically reviewed and approved by the Chulalongkorn University Animal Care and Use Committee of Bangkok, Thailand (CU-ACUC; Animal Use Protocol No.: 1731043). All dog owners agreed in a written owner consent. For stray dogs, authorized veterinarians and supervisors gave their written consent.

: Not applicable.

: NPa is employed at IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg. This laboratory offers the IDEXX <i>Leptospira</i> RealPCR Test on a commercial basis and performed the testing in this study.MGAG and AAA work at the OIE and National Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis and commercially performed MAT and phylogenetic analysis in the present study.EMB and JAW work at the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University and commercially performed IgM and IgG ELISA in this study.None of these companies played a role in the study design, in the collection and interpretation of data, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.KH has given talks for MSD, Merial, Boehringer Ingelheim, and IDEXX. She participated in research funded by or using products from MSD, Merial, Boehringer, Zoetis, Megacor, Biogal, and Scil.There is no commercial conflict of interest as the information generated here is solely for scientific dissemination. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.